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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: viral pathogenesis - part I - 4_2017, Viral Pathogenesis (Part I) Routes of spread hematogenous, Immune response adaptive Antibodies function as opsonins and sticking viruses to phagocytes, Viral Pathogenesis (Part I) Barriers to spread Physical, Type-1 interferons block viral replication evade by secreting molecules that bind & tie up cytokines, Viral Pathogenesis (Part I) Transmission Direct - close contact - secretions - blood - feces/urine - droplet, CTLs bind to viral epitopes on MHC-I molecules & trigger apoptosis of infected cells evade by producing microRNAs that block apoptosis, Immune response adaptive CTLs bind to viral epitopes on MHC-I molecules & trigger apoptosis of infected cells, CTLs bind to viral epitopes on MHC-I molecules & trigger apoptosis of infected cells evade by inhibiting proteasomal activity, CTLs bind to viral epitopes on MHC-I molecules & trigger apoptosis of infected cells evade by down-regulating host proteins involved in attaching viral epitopes to MHC-I molecules, Viral Pathogenesis (Part I) Successful infection - Sufficient virus to initiate infection - Accessible, susceptible, and permissive cells at site of infection - Absence of local host anti-viral defense, hematogenous viremia Active viremia: produced by virus replication, CTLs bind to viral epitopes on MHC-I molecules & trigger apoptosis of infected cells evade by blocking formation of MHC-I, Viral Pathogenesis (Part I) Barriers to spread Immune response, Viral Pathogenesis (Part I) Transmission Indirect - food/water - aerosol - vectors - fomites - medical devices & treatment, hematogenous viremia Secondary viremia: delayed appearance of a high concentration of infectious virions in blood, NK cells recognize & kill infected cells displaying stressed-induced proteins & not displaying MHC-I molecules evade by producing microRNAs that down-regulate production of stress-induced proteins, Viral Pathogenesis (Part I) Successful infection Infectivity is the frequency with which an infection is transmitted when there is contact between a virus and a susceptible host, Viral Pathogenesis (Part I) Spread Localized Disseminated Systemic, fetal ???? Breast feeding, Physical include - Intact basement membrane - Tissue fluids - Lymphatic system - Phagocytes