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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Dehorning, Signalment consists of Age: Heifer, Physical Exam Findings consists of Respiratory Rate: 68br/m Normal - 20-28 br/m, Size of horn and Age of animal calves Older than 1 year Horns greater than 4 inches, General Considerations such as Why, Signalment consists of Breed: Holstein Mix, Post Operative depends on Method used, Method used for Caustic Paste, Pre-Operative consists of Presurgical Techniques, Size of horn and Age of animal calves Less than 3 weeks, How/ Best Approach/ Method depends on Type/ Reason for surgery, Premedication Antibiotics 20,000 iu/kg Pen/strep @ 10,000iu/kg, Age of animal such as Immature/ Younger, Presurgical Techniques which includes Premedication, General Considerations such as Physical Exam Findings, Mechanical/manual use of Tail Restraint, Type/ Reason for surgery such as Basic, Pre-Operative consists of Restraint, Drugs involves use of wound powder, Management Practices such as - keeping animal in a dry area away from rain/ wet areas. - observation for 7-10 days after procedure to ensure no infection or complications - changing dressing as frequently as necessary, Drugs involves use of Antibiotics