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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: field anaes1, Bier block proceedure .a tourniquet is placed proximal to the fetlock .in the thoracic limb the dorsal metacarpal vein, the radial vein could be used for intravenously analgesia while in the pelvic limb the lateral saphenous or the lateral digital plantar is used .20 ml of lidocaine was then injected intravenously .the tourniquet could be left for up to and hour .anaesthesia of the foot occurs within 5 to 10 mins, Bier block advantages .easy to administer .low incidence of block failure .rapid onset and recovery .muscle relaxation, Bier block disadvantages .should be used only for short proceedures .patient may experience tourniquet pain after 20 to 30 minutes, Lidocaine use Nerve blocks, Caudal Epidural advantages .easy to perform .small amount of anaesthetic needed .very good muscle relaxation .suspended straining .anaesthetic deposited away from incision site .does not affect uterine motility, Ariculopalpebral disadvantages .block is strictly motor and does not remove sensation, Distal Paravertebral use .surgery of digestive tract eg abomesopexy, rumenotomy etc, Bier block uses .digit amputuation .surgery of distal limbs .mass removal .biopsy, Caudal Epidural proceedure .the hair over first coccygeal space was clipped and swabbed with alcohol .locate fossa between 1st and 2nd coccygeal veterbrae . an 18G needle was inserted at this fossa at 45 degrees .the hanging drop technique was performed by placing a drop of lidocaine into the hub of the needle and altering the needle until the drop was drawn inwards .the syringe was then attached and the 10 ml of lidocaine was given, Caudal Epidural use surgical prceedures involving .tail,perinium,anus,recum ,vulva,vagina,prepuce,scrotum .obstetric manipulations, Field Anaesthesia preoperative perform thorough physical exam, Ariculopalpebral proceedure .draw an imarginary line from the lateral cantus of the eye to the base of the horn .midway along this imaginary line administer 10ml of lidocaine subcutaneously .the nerve that is in fact blocked is the corneal branch of the lacrimal nerve. .complete anaesthesia takes approx. 10 mins .larger horns may require additional anaesthetic infiltration in the form of a partial ring block to desensitize subcutaneous branches of the cervical nerve., Ariculopalpebral use .dehorning .used for eye examinations .horn injury, Tolazoline reverses effects of overdose of Xylazine, Xylazine adverse effects .Salivation .ruminal atony .hypothermia .bradycardia .premature partuition .ataxia .diarrhoea, Ariculopalpebral advantages .provides great eyelid akinesis .long duration of action, Nerve blocks 1st Caudal Epidural, Nerve blocks 3rd Distal Paravertebral, Nerve blocks 2nd Ariculopalpebral, Xylazine contraindications .animals with preexisting cardiac dysfunction . severely debilitated animals .animals with urinary tract obstruction .preexisting seizure disorders .animals receiving epinephrine