Preoperative Radio and/or chemotherapy

Preoperative radiotherapy, planned with 3 or 4 fields (and not parallel opposed fields), should be considered in patients with operable rectal cancer.

Chemotherapy could be given synchronously with radiotherapy.

Postoperative radiotherapy should be considered in patients with rectal cancer who did not receive preoperative radiotherapy (e.g. case of emergency) and who are at high risk of local recurrence.